Fields: notes and practice questions

This topic describes gravitational fields, including Kepler's laws of orbital motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation. Kepler's three laws describe the motion of planets around the Sun.

This topic covers the fundamental properties of electric charges and magnetic fields, and their interactions. Electric charges exert forces described by Coulomb's law: $F = k\frac{q_1q_2}{r^2}$.

This topic describes the motion of charged particles and current-carrying conductors in uniform electric and magnetic fields. The magnetic force $F$ on a charge $q$ moving with velocity $v$ in a magnetic field $B$ is given by $F = qvB \sin \theta$.

This topic extends the study of gravitational fields to include gravitational potential, potential energy, and orbital/escape speeds. Gravitational potential energy for a two-body system is $E_p = -G\frac{m_1m_2}{r}$, representing work done from infinite separation.

This topic covers electric potential, electric potential energy, and equipotential surfaces in electric fields. Electric potential energy $E_p$ for two point charges is given by $E_p = k\frac{q_1q_2}{r}$.

This topic covers the principles of electromagnetic induction, including magnetic flux, Faraday's law, Lenz's law, and induced electromotive force (emf). Magnetic flux $\Phi$ through a surface is given by $\Phi = BA \cos \theta$.